Acid Mine Drainage in the Mid-Atlantic Region

Acid Mine Drainage ( AMD ) is presently the chief pollutant of surface H2O in the middle Atlantic part. AMD is caused when H2O flows over or through sulphur-bearing stuffs organizing solutions of net sourness. AMD comes chiefly from abandoned coal mines and presently active excavation. AMD degrades more than 4,500 watercourse stat mis in the middle Atlantic part with the loss of aquatic life, and restricts watercourse usage for diversion, public imbibing H2O and industrial H2O supplies ( U.S. Environmental Protection Urgency, 2009:27 ) South Africa is a water-stressed state. Security of H2O supply has become a cardinal strategic issue every bit good as driver for continued and sustained economic growing and service bringing to the people of South Africa. The South African excavation sector is one of the critical pillars and drivers of the South African economic system. However, excavation activities are besides associated with environmental taint such as acerb mine drainage ( AMD ) . AMD is extremely acidic H2O, normally incorporating high concentrations of metals, sulfides, and salts as a effect of excavation activity. The major beginnings of AMD include drainage from belowground mine shafts, overflow and discharge from unfastened cavities and mine waste mopess, shadowings and ore reserves, which make up about 88 % of all waste produced in South Africa. Drain from abandoned belowground mine shafts into surface H2O systems ( decant ) may happen as the mine shafts fill with H2O. Although the chemical science of AMD coevals is straightforward, the concluding merchandise is a map of the geology of the excavation part, presence of microorganisms, temperature and besides of the handiness of H2O and O. These factors are extremely variable from one part to another, and, for this ground, the anticipation, bar, containment and intervention of AMD must be co nsidered carefully and with great specificity. The gold excavation industry in South Africa ( chiefly the Witwatersrand Goldfield ) is in diminution, but the post-closure decant of AMD is an tremendous menace, and this could go worse if remedial activities are delayed or non implemented. For illustration, acid mine H2O started to pour from defunct flooded belowground mine workings near Krugersdorp on the West Rand in August 2002, taking to contaminated surface H2O. Randfontein and the Wonderfontein Spruit are besides debatable. These instances have received significant media attending, which has been critical of the attempts so far to turn to the jobs. In the absence of redress, there is likely to be well more decant in future, with potentially terrible deductions for aquatic systems. AMD from coal excavation is debatable in the Highveld Coalfield in Mpumalanga, and has been reflected by media attending on the effects of terrible pollution seen in the Loskop Dam and the Olifants River Catchment. It is likely that new coal excavation in the Waterberg Coalfield ( Limpopo Province ) will take to similar jobs in that country in the hereafter ( CSIR: Briefing Note 2009/02 August 2009 ) 2.3.2 Acid Mine Drainage Mine drainage is metal-rich H2O formed from chemical reaction between H2O and stones incorporating sulphur-bearing minerals. The overflow formed is normally acidic and often comes from countries where ore or coal excavation activities have exposed stones incorporating fool's gold, a sulfur bearing mineral. Metal-rich drainage can besides happen in mineralized countries that have non been mined. Acid Mine Drainage occurs as follows: & A ; bull ; Mine drainage is formed when fool's gold, an Fe sulfide, is exposed and reacts with air and H2O to organize sulfuric acid and dissolved Fe ; & A ; bull ; Some or all of this Fe can precipitate to organize the ruddy, orange, or xanthous deposits in the underside of watercourses incorporating mine drainage ; & A ; bull ; The acid overflow further dissolves heavy metals such as Cu, lead, quicksilver into land or surface H2O ; & A ; bull ; The rate and grade by which acid-mine drainage returns can be increased by the action of certain bacteriums. Impacts of Acid Mine Drainage are as follows: & A ; bull ; Contaminated imbibing H2O ; & A ; bull ; Disrupted growing and reproduction of aquatic workss and animate beings ; and & A ; bull ; Corroding effects of acid on parts of substructure such as Bridgess The badness of, and impacts from, AMD/ARD are chiefly a map of the mineralogy of the stone stuff and the handiness of H2O and O some dissolved metals may stay in solution. Dissolved metals in acerb drainage may include lead, Cu, Ag, manganese, Cd, Fe, and Zn, among other metals. Elevated concentrations of these metals in surface H2O and groundwater can prevent its usage as imbibing H2O or aquatic home ground ( Banister et al. , 2002:4 ) . 2.3.3 Acid Drainage Generation Acid is generated at mine sites when metal sulphide minerals are oxidized and sufficient H2O is present to mobilise the sulfur ion. Metal sulfide minerals are common components in the host stone associated with metal excavation activity. Prior to excavation, oxidization of these minerals and the formation of sulfuric acid is a map of natural weathering procedures. The oxidization of undisturbed ore organic structures followed by the release of acid and mobilisation of metals is slow. Natural discharge from such sedimentations airss little menace to having aquatic ecosystems except in rare cases. Mining and mineral extraction operations greatly increase the rate of these same chemical reactions by taking big volumes of sulphide stone stuff and exposing increased surface country to air and H2O. Materials/wastes that have the possible to bring forth ARD as a consequence of metal excavation activity include mined stuff, such as spent ore from pile and dump leach operations, shadowings, and waste stone units, every bit good as overburden stuff. AMD coevals in the mines themselves occurs at the cavity walls in the instance of surface excavation operations and in the belowground workings associated with belowground mines. The potency for a mine or its associated waste to bring forth acid and release contaminations depends on many factors and is site-specific. These site-specific factors can be categorized as coevals factors, control factors, and physical factors. Coevals factors determine the ability of the stuff to bring forth acid. Water and O are necessary to bring forth acerb drainage ; certain bacteriums enhance acerb coevals. Water serves as a reactant, a medium for bacteriums, and the conveyance medium for the oxidization merchandises. A ready supply of atmospheric O is required to drive the oxidization reaction. Oxygen is peculiarly of import in keeping the rapid oxidization catalyzed by bacteriums at pH values below 3.5. Oxidation of sulfides is significantly reduced when the concentration of O in the pore infinites of mining waste units is less than 1 or 2 per centum. Different bacteriums are better suited to different pH degrees and physical factors ( discussed below ) . The type of bacteriums and population sizes change as growing conditions are optimized ( Wade et al, 2002:5 ) Chemical control factors determine the merchandises of oxidization reaction. These factors include the ability of the coevals stone or having H2O to either neutralize the acid ( positive consequence ) or to alter the wastewater character by adding metals ions mobilized by residuary acid ( negative consequence ) . Neutralization of acid by the alkalinity released when acerb reacts with carbonate minerals is an of import agencies of chairing acerb production and can function to detain the oncoming of acerb production for long periods or even indefinitely. The most common neutralizing minerals are calcite and dolomite. Merchandises from the oxidization reaction, such as H ions and metal ions, may besides respond with other non-neutralizing components. Possible reactions include ion exchange on clay atoms, gypsum precipitation, and disintegration of other minerals. The disintegration of other minerals contributes to the contaminant burden in the acerb drainage. Examples of metals happeni ng in the dissolved signifier include aluminum, manganese, Cu, lead, Zn, and others ( Pulles et al. , 2005:7 ) . Physical factors include the physical features of the waste or construction, the manner in which acid-generating and acid-neutralizing stuffs are placed, and the local hydrology. The physical nature of the stuff, such as atom size, permeableness, and physical weathering features, is of import to the acerb coevals potency. Though hard to weigh, each of these factors influences the potency for acerb coevals and is, hence, an of import consideration for long term waste direction. Particle size is a cardinal concern because it affects

The Internet Brings About Some Disadvantages to Users and Society

It is obvious that in today’s modern world, people access to information technology for granted. Although it is necessary for our life to contact with each other easily, technology also causes some problems, which affected relationship people. In my point of view, there are two aspects both positive and negative impact from technological development. Since the internet was invented, which has made great changes lifestyle in society, almost activities are able to implement with technology. To start with, the online- communication tools such as: email, teleconference software, messenger†¦ it is helpful to connect people, who live far from their family or colleagues work in different regions. For example, everyone can perform various activities by e-commerce like booking accommodation, flights, purchasing stuff†¦. without leaving home. Therefore, the internet becomes prevalent device in modern life, which seems like a major technological breakthrough. Otherwise, overusing the internet and neglecting the real life can lead to social isolation. Researchers reveal that people who spend too much time at the computer tend to have difficulties when they communicate with somebody in real world. When internet access fills most people’s time, and even their leisure time, this is cause of disconnection with their family, friends or community. Furthermore, it also result in some health‘s problems such as obesity, myopia†¦ In conclusion, technology has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are stronger than disadvantages; the internet brings many benefits and will not disappear. Thus people should learn to use technology efficiently so that we can limit their bad effects.

The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself

Several months ago I participated at training â€Å"Effective communication†. Actually, I didn’t think it will be useful for me, because I wasn’t a shy person, who doesn’t know what he wants from life.I didn’t have some special problems in personal relationships and in communications with my friends/teachers/family/etc. Still, my friend invited me to visit this training and I agreed. Let it be, – I thought, – maybe I’ll find something interesting there, – who knows. To tell the truth, it was very useful for me and I’ve learned a lot of interesting things about myself which helped me to communicate with other people more effective.After that training I understood that if I remain myself (if I’m not changing myself) I’ll be happy and I’ll always be able to find way out from any difficult situation.The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself, to love and to accept yourself as you are. Unexpectedl y for me I found out that I always was unsure in my actions, I was self-confident but only to some extent and very often after I took some decision; I tried to think over, what could happen if I acted in another way.I mean that I learned to look at my problems in simpler way, and then after I realized that actually I don’t have any problems. I understood that when the person is â€Å"opened†, people like him and they strive after him. You don’t need to be afraid and to hide your feelings, and then people start to understand you. Some of my fears from childhood disappeared; now in many cases I can control my aggression towards the other people.I was able to determine aim in my life, my internal state of mind changed into more vivid and confident. Communication with other people became more opened; I started to control my feelings. I learned that everything in my life depends on me, not on somebody else. That there are a lot of great possibilities, I only have to open my eyes and to reach them. Before I was loosing confidence in stress situations, and now I’m able to control my feelings.We made different kinds of tests and I understood that I like to clash with my friends and that I don’t show to people, who are close to me, feelings expressing my good attitude to them. I received practical knowledge in the field of understanding of human emotions and problems; I learned a lot of facts about myself with help of self-analysis and from opinions of other people. It was the unique experience for me and it helped me greatly in my life.   

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island Research Paper

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island - Research Paper Example In the eighteenth century their dedication to individualism underscored Rhode Islanders taking to business with its inherent risks. Due to the poverty of the land resources trade was practised. The Rhode Islanders were not happy serving under British policies, and became revolutionaries which resulted in the founding of a new nation. Rhode Islanders now come from various ethnic backgrounds. The new questions to be addressed relate to the rights of minorities, and the need for securing individual liberty and economic opportunity (McLoughlin, 1986). The Economy of Rhode Island The conventional manufacturing economy of Rhode Island has diversified to services, retail and wholesale trade, and finance. Despite this shift, several products such as jewellery, silverware, textiles, primary and fabricated metals, machinery and other items for which Rhode Island is well known, still continue to be manufactured. Additionally, tourism and gambling are important to the state’s economy (War ner 41). Most farmland is utilized for dairies and poultry farms, agriculture being unimportant to the economy. Commercial fishing is a declining industry, and naval facilities at Newport contribute to the state’s income (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). The Demographic Makeup of the State According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There are only 6,058 American Indians or Alaska native, and 554 people constitute the group Native Hawaaiian and other Pacific islanders (Census Statistics, 2010). Political Characteristics of the Constituency and Leading Industries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Rhode Island’s present constitution was adopted in 1842 and has been often amended† (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). A governor heads the state’s executive branch, who is elected for a four-year term and is eligible for re-election. Elected for two-year terms are the bicameral legislature with a senate of fifty members and a house of seventy-five. Local government functions at the city level, while Rhode Island’s counties have no political roles. The state sends two senators and two representatives to the U.S. Congress, and has four electoral votes. Though Rhode Island is mostly Democratic, various Republican governors have been elected from 1994 till the present. Rhode Island’s political and economic life was dominated by mill owners. The small mill towns with their great numbers of foreign-born residents.

We have examined both limited and total war. What are the most Essay

We have examined both limited and total war. What are the most important factors leading to either limited or total war - Essay Example Total war is a war that involves the absolute mobilization of a certain society’s resources to accomplish a complete destruction of the enemy, with all differences effaced among the militants and non-militants. Total wars are extremely destructive and defined by collective victims. Winning of the total war requires the participants to interrupt individuals desire to continue fighting. The World War 1 and 2 are legitimate examples of total wars, which were experienced by the absolute destruction of economy. Some of the nations involved in total war and experienced massive destruction include Italy and Japan2. This refers to conflict over economic resources, which could be between people or country in need of securing foreign markets or raw materials. For example, countries may develop conflict because of resources especially at border points. Moreover, disputes may occur due to scarcity of natural resources. For example, various individuals may engage in a fight when trying to access the minimal available resources that enhance their well-being. This can have a dramatic impact to the stability of a country’s economy resulting to inflation and even collapse of the government. This fight develops because of a clash among contrasting political factions. The fight may occur due to differences in opinion regarding polls and sharing of powers by coalition government. Another example could also include conflicting results of elections. This causes division of the countries. The fight may also lead to division of citizens in regards to ethnic background. War can change the structure of a government resulting to complete configuration of a country’s operations3. War may develop because of hostilities between contrasting ethical groups or classes in a nation or region. Such strains were the contributing factors in the Spanish Civil War. The compositions and customs of a social group are frequently, transformed by war. A clear example is the World War

Congenital Heart Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Congenital Heart Disease - Essay Example These are: congenital heart disease in the babys mother or father; congenital heart disease in the babys brother or sister; diabetes in the mother; German measles, toxoplasmosis (an infection that is passed through contact with cat feces), or HIV infection in the mother; the mothers use of alcohol during pregnancy; the mothers use of cocaine or other drugs during pregnancy; and the mothers use of certain over-the-counter and prescription medicines during pregnancy. It should be noted though, that the presence of any one or more of these factors will not absolutely result to the disease. Likewise, the absence of these factors does not assure a pregnant woman that her baby will be safe from any congenital heart disorders, which might be an important point to consider when a woman is pregnant. All safety measures should be observed all throughout the pregnancy as there is no single identifiable factor in contracting life-threatening diseases such as this. This also leads us to the impor tance of having a thorough knowledge of the subject, for one can never be too sure if one of the members of the family will suffer from such disease. Knowledge on the disease might just be the best way to go about the situation when prevention is not so possible. The heart is a muscular organ about the size of the fist. It has two sides, separated by a wall-like structure called a septum. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then goes from the lungs to the left side of the heart, and is pumped out to the rest of the body. The heart is made up of four chambers: the right and left ventricles and the left and right atria. The atria, which are located at the upper portion of the heart, receive the blood coming into the heart, while the ventricles which are located at the lower part of the heart, pump blood out of the heart and into the lungs and the other parts of the

Modern Imperalism(The british Empire) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modern Imperalism(The british Empire) - Essay Example Being often dubbed â€Å"internal colonialism†, those relationships, according to Levine, did little, if anything, to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, but exploited the divide for colonial ends (11). Insofar as the poor had found a solution, although not always an easy one, to their problems, migrating in large numbers from their impoverished regions into distant lands, the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British Empire is largely considered â€Å"a significantly Scottish enterprise† (Levine 11). On the other hand, as Judd points out, the primary motive and most powerful drive behind the establishment of the Empire and its global growth was the â€Å"desire for profitable trade, plunder and enrichment† (3). Thus, having served many useful purposes, besides bringing wealth to a substantial part of the British population, the Empire was seen as both â€Å"a mainstay† of the restored Stuart monarchy after the period of republican rule known as â€Å"the Commonwealth and Protectorate† and the stabilising factor in â€Å"the post-revolutionary Britain of the late seventeenth century† (Judd 3-4). ... d been perceived as â€Å"underwriting the nation’s future in a variety of ways†, including as â€Å"a means of uniting the British people in a common cause, a means of â€Å"inspiring a sense of international mission†, as well as a â€Å"device to blunt the edge of class warfare and egalitarian philosophies†; most notably, however, the Empire helped boost both the confidence of the individual and the nation, stifling fears of degeneration and decline. (Judd 4-5). This essay is intended to review the reasons for the British invasion in Egypt in 1882, including such as the situation in Europe, imperial geopolitics, commercial and strategic interests, as well as domestic economic concerns due to the pressure of increased international competition. The essay argues that the invasion was necessitated by a cocktail of factors, whose relative weigh varied with each stage of the British involvement. 2. Historical Background Porter point out that the British Empi re significantly changed over the nineteenth century; thus, the West Indian islands rapidly lost their relative importance in the British trade after 1815, whereas the westward extension of Canada to the Pacific, along with the emergence of six colonies in Australia, transformed not only altered the pattern of investment distribution within the Empire, but also created a number of â€Å"self-governing, self-confident ‘settler capitalist societies’†, which generated nearly â€Å"16.5 per cent of Britain’s overseas trade† (Porter 5). Despite the changes, India, which underwent a consolidation of the British control over its territories between 1819 and 1870 – remained of â€Å"paramount importance in any assessment of Imperial assets† (Porter 5-6). This expansion, in turn, brought about other significant developments,

Democracy in Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Democracy in Modern World - Essay Example Gladys argument focuses on the fact that democracies cannot wage successful wars as the case of Athenians waging war in Sicily’s. I do support her argument that democratic countries should distinguish between good and bad leaders, but I find certain flaws in her argument. I agree with Gladys’ premises that suggest the country frightened their generals into sending better news home than the facts on the ground and chose weak generals to wage the war. This argument leads to her argument that democracies cannot wage a successful war. A look at all the premises helps Gladys conclude that a democratic country cannot lead such a war is viable.Her argument in her conclusion is valid since there need to be better strategies in war, and the failure of Athenians was a result of poor strategies and poor execution by the generals. There was a need to evaluate leaders and have better alternatives. In her argument, it is clear that poor intelligence brought the wrong generals, and th ey were overextended. This situation showed that to have the best plans there is a need for good executors for it to be successful. In conclusion, I agree with her argument that democratic countries cannot wage successful war since their strategies are prone to hope and checks and balances. Such checks limit the passion experienced in such wars but to be on the safe side all parties in a war need to appreciate and differentiate between choosing weak and strong leaders to wage wars.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Assignment Example This means that when a company makes an agreement, they must honor this agreement even if the terms are beyond the constitution. In this case, the cat contract with Feline Fertility Pty Ltd is enforceable since company willing entered the contract while understanding that the their constitution did not allow them to trade in cats. Lassie Ltd argues that since the company constitution does not allow the company to trade cats, the contract was invalid and unenforceable. However, going by the law, the fact that the company entered the agreement with Feline Fertility Pty Limited, it remains valid even if this goes beyond the constitution. Therefore, Feline Fertility can move to the court to have the contract enforced and to avoid termination. Alternatively, Lessie Ltd should finance any losses that the other company may incur as a result of this termination. The Company act of 2001 states that a director of the company must act within the constitution while conducting business on behalf of the company. Since the director of the company conducts the business on behalf of the stakeholders, the constitution limits their actions.5 However, this must be in tandem with the requirements of the constitution. In this case, Willy Woof has the power to make decisions regarding the business process, as long as these decisions do not infringe the constitution. The company current constitution allows the director to enter the lease with Hot Ltd.6 However, the other company directors intends to include a new clause that requires that â€Å"the establishment of any store outside the state of Western Australia requires the approval of all the directors.† If the amendment is successfully integrated in the constitution, Lessie will not be able to enter into the agreement with Hot Ltd since the constitution will empower other directors to object suc h a move7. Therefore, changes in the constitution will help

Descriptive Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Descriptive Chocolate Essay | 1 Â ½ cups crushed chocolate wafer cookies| | 1 tablespoon granulated sugar| | 1/3 cup unsalted butter, melted| | | | Filling| | 1 Â ¼ cups granulated sugar| | Â ½ cup unsweetened cocoa powder| | Â ¼ cup cornstarch| | 3 Â ½ cups half and half cream| | 4 large egg yolks| | 3 Â ½ ounces semi-sweet chocolate, chopped| | 3 ounces unsweetened chocolate, chopped| | 2 tablespoons unsalted butter| | 1 teaspoon coffee liqueur| | 1 teaspoon vanilla extract| | | | Topping| | 1 cup chilled heavy whipping cream| | 2 tablespoons granulated sugar| | 2 teaspoons instant coffee| | Â ½ vanilla bean| | | | To Serve: chocolate-covered espresso beans| directions:Crust: Preheat oven to 350 F. Add butter and sugar to cookie crumbs and blend. Firmly press mixture into 9-inch-diameter glass or ceramic pie dish. Bake until crust sets, about 8 minutes. Cool. Filling: 1. Whisk sugar, cocoa, and cornstarch in heavy medium saucepan. Gradually whisk in half and half and then the egg yolks. Continue to whisk over medium-high heat until mixture thickens and boils, about 12 15 minutes. 2. Remove from heat and add both chocolates and butter, whisking until melted and smooth. Mix in coffee liqueur and vanilla. Transfer filling to crust. Press plastic wrap directly onto surface of filling and chill until filling sets, at least 6 hours. (Can be made 2 days ahead. Keep chilled and covered.) Topping: 1. Beat all ingredients in large bowl until peaks form. (Can be made 1 day ahead. Cover and refrigerate. Rewhisk to thicken and smooth before serving, if necessary.) 2. Peel plastic off of pie. Cut pie into fairly small wedges (it is quite rich). Spoon a good-sized dollop of coffee whipped cream on top of each slice. Garnish with chocolate-covered espresso beans and serve.after-thoughts:This pie would also be delicious served with plain, sweetened whipped cream and fresh fruit (strawberries, raspberries, grilled bananas).|

How Does War Affect The United States National Debt and Economy

How Does War Affect The United States National Debt and Economy Since the establishment of the colonies, that later became the United States, we have experienced the various influences that war has had on the national debt, economy, and more importantly, on individual lives. Before, national debt could be paid out gradually, it now increases with every second and is $12.4 trillion and rising. The effects can be clearly seen throughout American history, especially in times of war. The national debt is monitored by the U.S. treasury and its financial departments. It is predominantly made up of corporate and government stocks and bonds, T-bills, and notes, which are also referred to as securities. The trading of securities to raise money for infrastructures, developments, benefit programs, and also for the purpose of financing the wars that we can recall, such as the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and World Wars I and II, has brought us through periods of economic boom and depression, during and following these wars. War bonds were the main securities issued by the government to pay for military operations. War bonds raise capital for the government and make the general population feel involved for a national and a military cause. This system was useful as a means of controlling inflation, which is an increase in the supplies of money in the marketplace relative to its demand, especially in a wartime overstimulated economy by removing the money from its circulation until the war is over. The government issues war bonds that have a yield which is the interest payment on the bond sold that is often below the value of many bonds found in the marketplace, which made it attractive and affordable to all citizens. The Revolutionary War began as colonists protested the high taxes that colonial Britain imposed on the colonies and the profits they amassed through the practice of mercantilism without fair share. Once the war began, the British blocked the seas that interrupted trade and made goods more expensive. Further, inflation occurred as the Continental government continued to print currency, backed only by the guarantee of Congress and the States behind it. Congress also funded the war with loans from Britains competitors, such as France, the Netherlands, and Spain to purchase arms and supplies. The continental government also used domestic sources by selling bonds to individuals at a low and competitive interest rate. People such as Robert Morris and Haym Salomon took money out of their personal funds to finance the revolutionary effort as a form of patriotism. When the colonies won the war, high taxes and other limits on trade and industry ended. The new Americans could build new industri es and expand in the West. Britain was no longer a trade partner with the new country, agricultural prices fell, and there were high unemployment rates. The war ended with the U.S. accumulating $37 million of debt on the national level and the value of the dollar quickly declined as a result of inflation. These problems were later solved when Alexander Hamilton established the First Bank of the United States. The First Bank unified the nation by creating a national bank instead of separate ones for each colony, ran an excise tax which taxed imported goods, and established financial order in the United States and credit for itself within the country and overseas. The Bank would be prohibited from purchasing government bonds and issuing notes beyond its supply of capital. Before and during the Civil War, the North and South had their own reliable industries. The North was home to many factories which produced manufactured goods such as guns, bullets, cannons, boots, and uniforms. It had four times as many free citizens than the South. More than 70% of the countrys rail lines ran throughout the North. They even benefited from a strong navy and fleet of ships. The South was underdeveloped in its industry and had several economic weaknesses, such as financial and political problems and few forms of transportation. They also had a small population of about 9 million citizens, therefore, fewer soldiers to prepare for the war. Nevertheless, the South maintained strong agriculture, cotton mills and textiles products. Much of the success they gained was built on the labor of slaves. The two sides had many disagreements and threats to leave the Union ultimately led to the Civil War. Despite advantages in the war, the North needed money. They issued a massive bond measure asking its citizens and financial institutions to purchase bonds to support the war. This effort did not raise the capital needed, so the government started to print paper money, which were called greenbacks. They were backed by gold and later bonds which the government guaranteed. The increase of greenbacks in the economy caused inflation to rise and was worth as much as a third less than its intrinsic value. The government, as a means to stabilize the rapid rise of inflation, raised the interest rate and made everyone accept it for goods and services, or legal tender for all debts public and private, as stated by the Department of Treasury ustreas.gov. The government also introduced its first income tax in 1862 to find more ways of gathering money and established the Bureau of Internal Revenue, later known as the IRS. The Union never dealt with an inflation rate of more than 80%. The South was even more desperate for money as its trade was cut off by the North and its banking system lost. They resorted to printing more money which was backed by their low reserves of gold. The South could not collect taxes because it was forbidden in its Confederate Constitution. The Confederacy was on the verge of bankruptcy and in 1864 it levied its first income tax. Nevertheless, the damage was already done with too much supply of money in the market and high inflation rates rose to as much as 9,000%. The South could not manage its short supply of food and ammunition, thus, many of its citizens starved. Robert E. Lee, Confederate general, realized this and withdrew from the war by surrendering for the Confederacy. During the Civil War, the national debt was $65 million in 1860 and surpassed $1 billion in 1863. This amount gradually decreased after the end of the war. Before World War I began, the United States was in recession. During the war, the United States became involved, and its economy thrived on trade with Europeans producing war goods, and maintaining a neutral status that strengthened their economy. The U.S. entered the war three years later as a result of instigation from the Central Powers, threats to trade with their allies, and a sense of separation in the United States as of whether to be involved in the war. Entering the war in 1917 advanced our total debt to about $22 billion and increased federal spending to a total that would later amount to $112 billion; however, the U.S. enjoyed many benefits such as its competitive position in the world, agricultural boom, profit for many companies, and a decrease in the unemployment rate. Its success led the way for abundance in the Roaring 20s. For example, new technologies such as mass production automobiles, moving pictures, and radios became an indispensable part of American homes. The Great Depression of the early 1930s devastated our country and even the world. It caused personal incomes, tax revenue, profits, and prices to drop and international trade plunged by 50% to 65%. The recovery from this economic depression was caused by World War II. It tremendously boosted the U.S. economy as we began to produce weapons, uniforms, and other supplies for war. It created jobs and increased wages throughout society. Much of our production was shipped overseas. Americans soon spent their money on things such as newspapers, movies, and entertainment. The War Advertising Council was formed and held more than 100 campaigns to sell war bonds, donate blood, conserve food, and enroll enlisters. Involvement in World War II and social programs during the presidencies of Franklin Roosevelt and Truman caused a sixteenfold increase in the total war debt, amounting from $16 billion in 1930 to $260 billion in 1950. In conclusion, we can see the effect that money supply and war have on the United States national debt. It has caused dramatic decline and exponential growth in the economy during and following wartime. We have seen the effects of inflation and the outcome of the many battles from the Revolutionary War to the Civil War to our great World Wars. The national debt is a concern not only to the government, but also to its citizens. When the government debts increase, they use taxpayers money to handle the increasing costs in the economy. Some consequences are higher individual taxes, reduced benefits and programs, higher interest rates, and a weak dollar, which ultimately reduces the individual purchasing power and increases inflation.

Jet Airlines Analysis Of Information System Business Essay

Jet Airlines Analysis Of Information System Business Essay Management Information System Management Information Systems (MIS) provides information to managers and help them in decision-making based on databases. Data analysis plays vital role in determining which resources to use in order to achieve the mission of an organization. The world is developing an increasingly global market and economy. The basic management information system measures inputs and/or outputs, allowing managers to analyse the  relationship  between them and make decisions based on the outcomes they desire.Day to day example can be a speedometer, a speed-measuring system Types of Management Information Systems . The different types of MIS can be classified into the following: Transaction-Processing Systems: With the advent of mainframe computers, Transaction-processing systems were introduced in the 1960s. They are designed for the banks to handle a huge volume of routine, recurring transactions. They record deposits and payments into the accounts, record sales and track inventory.. Operations Information Systems After transaction-processing systems, operations Information Systems came into existence. It gathers information, organises and summarises it in a useful form. It access data from TPS and moulds it into suitable form. One can obtain sales report or inventory etc from this. Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS is an interactive  computer system. It hasthree fundamental components: database management system (DBMS), model-based management system (MBMS) and dialog generation and management system (DGMS) which can be used for decision making. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence ESAI use human knowledge encapsulated in a computer to solve various problems that usually requires human expertise. Computer recognizes, formulates and then solves a problem. It also explains the solution and learns from its experience as well. Introduction to Jet Airways Jet Airways  is a leading Indian  airline  with its head quarter in  Mumbai,  Maharashtra. It is the second largest airline in India  and the market leader in the domestic sector. It offers over 400 flights daily to 67 destinations worldwide. Main domestic hubs:  Mumbai  and  Delhi. International hubs: Brussels  Airport,  Belgium. It is owned by the  London-based businessman, Mr.NareshGoyal. BACKGROUND Jet Airways emerged with its first flight in 1993. It is one of the fastest expanding airlines in the world, and in future will become the most preferred airline making your journey enjoyable. Jet Airways offers flights to 24 international destinations and 43 destinations in India. OVERVIEW Jet Airways was incorporated as an air service operator on 1 April 1992. It commenced Indian commercial airline operations on 5 May 1993. On 4th January 1995, Jet Airways was granted a scheduled airline status.The company is registered on the  Bombay Stock Exchange. Although,a major portion (80% of its stock) is controlled by Naresh Goyal. It has over 10,017 employees (March 2007).Jet Airways currently operates a fleet of 90 aircraft. With an average fleet age of 4.99 years, the airline has one of the youngest aircraft fleets in the world. Flights to 65 destinations span the length and breadth of India and beyond. CORPORATE VISION Jet Airways will become the most preferred domestic airline in India.Jet Airways will achieve this outstanding position by offering a high quality of service and reliable, comfortable and efficient operations.Jet Airways will uplift the concept of domestic airline travel -to be a world class airline. It will achieve this objective even while ensuring consistent profitability, achieving long-term returns for its investors and providing its employees with an environment for excellence and growth. Information Systems in Airlines Airlines exist to connect people to distant locations very efficiently and safely while making profit for the shareholders. . There has to be a trade-off between the three aspects. Thus, the designing of information system is very essential and its management helps them reach the organizations purpose. Key indicators in management are required to guide the working of the process and making changes in resource allocation. A management information system regularly provides information about the efficient working and function of the organization. The ultimate aim of the airline industry is to make the passengers journey comfortable and convenient. The different procedures in the airport and airplane should be simplified and highest degree of customers satisfaction have to maintained in order to succeed in todays competitive world. The Current Scenario The airline industry is constantly evolving and incorporating the latest innovations and technologies all with a common aim to make the journey of the passengers more and more comfortable and convenient. All the different procedures that the passenger goes through in the airport and airplane have to be simplified and highest quality of satisfaction for customers have to maintained by airlines in order to succeed in todays competitive scenario. Flying is now-a-days one of the fastest and easiest way to cover large distances. It saves a lot of travelling time compared to other means of transport. For employees this is a huge bonus as business can be carried out at a faster speed as they can reach their destinations in a matter of hours . The 4 basic factors that the airline industry has to carefully tackle are as follows: Efficiency Speed Safety Comfort Every year more and more people are resorting to airlines as a mode of transportation and hence constant innovation and establishing a unique relationship with the passengers is the need of the hour. Hence , the importance of the technology of integrated systems has become clearer and unavoidable in the airlines for the future as well. Improving Air Transport Information Systems It has been seen that many vendor companies are doing constant research and development in the technologies which have a prime aim to improve customer satisfaction and provide better services to the customer. Huge investments are also being made in this area which has a lot of scope of improvement. Example of such service can be self- checking kiosks, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, check-in via mobile phones, airport and baggage management services. Currently what can be seen as the prime objective of the airlines is: Optimizing revenues while maximizing customer relationships. Management Information system in Jet Airlines VENDOR: IBM Jet Airways, ,one of Indias premier international airline, and IBM (NYSE: IBM) have announced that the companies have signed a strategic business transformation for ten years and information technology (IT) services agreement. Valued at 62 million US dollars, the agreement is a major step towards Jet Airways journey of technology led business transformation, which will help the airline to achieve significant growth by implementing the companys IT with business strategies. Jet Airways aims to use IBMs domain knowledge of the global airline industry and its leadership in technology to meet the groups business transformation objectives. As part of the deal, IBM will provide with the latest technological solutions to transform the airlines various business areas such as airport operations, direct distribution and frequent flier programs. This engagement will help Jet Airways to improve and integrate its IT systems to deliver a highly differentiated customer service and to improve the efficiency of its various operations. Constant innovation to stay ahead of industry growth has been Jet Airways operating philosophy since it started its operations in 1993, said Nikos Kardassis, Chief Executive Officer, Jet Airways (India) Ltd. We are delighted to partner with IBM, the worlds leading IT services company, and see this as an exciting opportunity to use IBMs technology to lead business transformation in the Indian aviation sector and augment growth. This association will enable us to focus on our core business and improve our operational efficiencies, besides delivering a seamless customer experience. India, as a country, will take a leading edge position in delivering innovative ideas and solutions in the Global Aviation terrain, remarked Mr. Kardassis. IBM has provided Jet Airways with cutting edge IT Infrastructure and application to support services including employee transition, data centre operations, helpdesk support and storage operations, internet security services, network management, SAP and various other operating systems. Commenting on the developing relationship with Jet Airways, Ashish Kumar, General Manager, Global Technology Services, IBM India/South Asia, said, This strategic services deal with Jet Airways will begin a a new era in the Indian aviation industry. It will enable the airline to provide and enhance its business value and gain competitive advantage through innovative use of technology. IBM will bring its global experience and expertise in this industry to deliver services and solutions to help Jet Airways achieve its mission to innovate and lead as it continues to grow and expand internationally. The contract was signed in June 2010. Customer Relationship Management CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is methodology used to learn more about customers needs in order to develop stronger relationships with them. CRM has always been a matter of great concern for airlines aspiring to improve relationships with the customers. Airlines that can effectively target, attract, serve and hold the best customers will definitely experience significant benefits. The better the bonding the airline holds with these customers, the more opportunities will be open for selling additional products and services. However, as the e-business is evolving, the hurdles of establishing customer relationships have become even greater. Airlines must be completely responsible for a customers satisfaction whilst the want it, buy it and use it experience. Advantage of CRM In Sales and Marketing CRM defines marketing processes and satisfy customer requirements using functionality to improve management of resources, segments and lists, campaigns, trade promotions, and marketing analytics. It also enables management of accounts, product configuration, opportunities, quotations, orders, contacts, activities pricing, billing, and contracts. Make smart business decisions with improved customer relations. Speedy access to databases so faster marketing. Improve visibility of your entire marketing process Increase returns on investments. Grow profitable relationships Maintain focus on productive activity Eliminate barriers to productivity Improve sales efficiency Service Transform service into a profitable line of business Increase customer loyalty Reduce costs of customer service and field service CRM in Jet Airways The figure 5 shows a few special offering from Jet Airlines The special offerings from it are as follows: It offers free tickets Special rates for Students Special Fares for corporate deals Jetlite Surprises The other Customer Relationship Management activities also include: Rapid Rewards program for all passengers that make all their reservations online. Incentives include lower rates, express boarding passes, and in-flight bonuses like free snacks drinks. Business Rapid Rewards for Business travelers. Special Benefits and services for Senior Vendor For Jet Airways CRM: EPSILON The emerging digital marketing company Epsilons email solution will now provide customer and trade communication services to Jet Airways in order to improve their relationship with customers. Jet Airways known for its in-flight services is striving hard to enhance its customer relationship management and loyalty management. .     Various surveys were conducted and was found that customers prefer email as the channel for communication. Thus, in order to be forward it selected Epsilons email marketing services. Epsilon is a pioneer in email sevices and provides exact view of all the customers . Such an overview allows the airways to design solutions for targeted customers which also increase its brand equity and nurtures great profits with loyalty. To provide a world-class customer experience, we chose Epsilon for their best-of-class email marketing solutions that enable us to stay close to our customers throughout the relationship lifecycle and ensure that we are providing the most relevant information, optimised in a timely fashion as and when they want it, said Rahul Kucheria, GM, Relationship Marketing with Jet Airways. Epsilons email platform speeds up the email delivery. Ithas an intense tracking and report forming features as well as optimisation tools that enable Jet Airways to enjoy the benefits of relevancy in communicating with the customers. It also allows Jet Airways to monitor and track the position and status of specific email communication all the way from booking to enquiry transaction. This allows the airline to improve its profile and transaction behaviour data to ultimately achieve one-to-one relationship with its customers.   Jet Airways currently publishes a monthly email newsletter to Jet Privilege members, all the travel agency partners and corporate clients. The company is planning to introduce transactional e-mailing through the Epsilon platform, such as registration confirmation, welcome messages and purchase confirmations. Conclusion In general, the airlines have to ensure that they strike a proper balance between the customer services and operating costs. In the aviation industry, the competition is ever increasing as more players enter each year. Effective management of information systems can definitely help in attaining these goals and also assist to incorporate the innovative solutions as well. In order to meet to meet these challenges, lot of companies and firm are working on different software and solutions with a common objective in mind to make travel both easy and convenient It is important to choose the suitable information that will help managers observe their situation clearly. When airlines observed management information systems that included loss in the revenue due to not selling empty seats or rooms, they managed ways to get some value from latecomers at deep discounts. A good information system in practice can ensure that the operation is able to run efficiently with clear focus on customers. By incorporating better and better technology systems, we can reach out to demands of more customers and also strengthen vital features like security, avoiding delays, reducing the cost of travel. The scope of improvement is virtually endless and the companies will have to keep on evolving in order to survive in the future as well.

Genteel People and Honest Hearts in Jane Austens Emma Essay -- Austen

Emma:   Genteel People and Honest Hearts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Emma, Jane Austen gives us ‘only the surface of the lives of genteel people’?   Though not necessarily a commonly used term today, the meaning of ‘genteel people’ is easily assumed. Good birth and breeding are not necessarily the only ‘qualities’ of genteel people: simple generosity, courtesy and elegance can also apply, as well as marriage into the class. The majority of the characters in Emma to some extent expand this definition to provide exceptions to the rule or abuses of the title. In this way the characters provide an interesting answer to the question of whether or not Austen actually deals with genteel people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mrs and Miss Bates are genteel people and of genteel birth. They are well educated and well spoken and readily invited into the Woodhouse circle. This high class is illustrated at Boxhill during Mr Knightley’s vehement reprimand of Emma’s cutting remark: ‘she has seen you grow up from a period when her notice of you was an honour.’ Of course, they have since slipped in monetary value, but retain their social position nonetheless. Mrs. Elton has the money, but not the connections or character to be considered genteel. Her marriage to a vicar as Mr Elton has raised her a class, but she has clearly not had the breeding to be comfortable in such high society, as she shows by continually dropping Maple Grove into conversations, and justifying her talents: ‘well, my friends say†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Harriet Smith obviously is not genteel by birth, being the ‘natural daughter of somebody’ but Emma invents he r parentage for the sake of the love games. The original modesty and humility that Harriet enjoys are accentuated and extended under the careful care of Emma. Th... ...ane Austen. Harlow: Longman Literature Guides [series], 1988. Craik, W. A. The Development of Jane Austen's comic art: Emma: Jane Austen's mature comic art. London: Audio Learning, 1978. Sound recording; 1 cassette; 2-track. mono. Gard, Roger, [1936- ]. Jane Austen, Emma and Persuasion. Harmondsworth : Penguin, Penguin masterstudies [series], 1985. Jefferson, D. W. (Douglas William), [1912- ]. Jane Austen's Emma: a landmark in English fiction. London: Chatto and Windus for Sussex University Press, Text and context [series], 1977. Lauritzen, Monica. Jane Austen's Emma on television: a study of a BBC classic serial. Goteborg, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg studies in English, 48 [series], 1981.    Sabiston, Elizabeth Jean, [1937- ]. The Prison of Womanhood: four provincial heroines in nineteenth-century fiction. London : Macmillan, 1987.   

Concealment in Chesnutt’s The House Behind the Cedars Essay -- House B

Concealment in Chesnutt’s The House Behind the Cedars Who has something to hide? Everyone in The House behind the Cedars has something to hide. With the possible exception of a few minor characters and children (innocents/ innocence), most characters have something to conceal. Taking this into account, this is more than likely Chesnutt’s acknowledgement of human nature before he gets into the varying motives. Is concealment ultimately worthwhile? Who is hurt and who is helped – or is there any difference? Molly, John, Rena (The Absent/ Dead Father) This family is where much of the major concealment starts. Ironically, the family is the same place where secrets are revealed. They start as a secret themselves - hidden away, behind a row of cedars, and inside the house on Front Street. The long dead, white lover of Mis’ Molly, concealed this family from his world, just as he kept his name from his illegitimate children – denying something to each. As a result, Mis’ Molly made many sacrifices. The first sacrifice she made was herself to her lover, which in return brought some security for herself and her family. We are told by the narrator, â€Å"she worshipped the ground upon which her lord walked, was humbly grateful for his protection, and quite as faithful as the forbidden marriage vow could possibly have made her† (105). This passage does not seem to indicate a sacrifice on her part, but ultimately it was also done for her immediate family. When her immediate family began to include children, Misâ €™ Molly had to face that her children were not legitimate, had no family name, and were thrust into a world that would not easily accept them. As this escalates over time, she sacrifices her happiness for the happiness of her child... ...tood hierarchy among classes, racial and economic, that while not publicly acknowledged, is indeed common knowledge. The novel discusses this in regards to Mis’ Molly, her neighbors – darker and poorer. Word Cited Go here for websites with further Charles W. Chesnutt Information http://docsouth.unc.edu/chesnuttcolonel/about.html Biography http://www.virginia.edu/history/courses/courses.old/hius323/chesnutt.html Biography http://www.berea.edu/faculty/browners/chesnutt/biography/biography.html Biography http://www.berea.edu/faculty/browners/chesnutt/biography/familytree.html Family Tree http://www.berea.edu/faculty/browners/chesnutt/classroom/class.html Chesnutt in the Classroom http://authorsdirectory.com/biography_online_book_portrait_picture/c_authors_charles_w_chesnutt.shtml Biography, Lesson Plans, Online Text, Portrait and Pictures, etc.

Most striking thing about the poem Kubla Khan Essay

What do you find most striking about the poem Kubla Khan?†Works of imagination should be written in very plain language; the more purely imaginative they are the more necessary it is to be plain.† – Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In this essay I am going to discuss one of the most famous and very striking poem Kubla Khan which was written by Coleridge. The poem is about the nature of creativity. Coleridge describes the dome of pleasure which he sees in his dream while he is opium- induced. While he was sick, doctor prescribed a drug that made him drowsy. He could remember only couple of images, which he later developed into a beautiful poem. During his sleep knocking on the door interrupted him, and he could never recapture the dream because he lost the inspiration. This poem is considered to be a fragment but it seems that Kubla Khan is carefully worked using illusions from the works Coleridge was reading at the time. Kubla Khan has slow plodding metre, which is achieved using iambic tetrameter that consists of 8 syllables. This is where the musicality comes from. The poet uses this in order that we could imagine more clearly the pleasure dome in the dream like surrounding. Each stanza differs a little bit in rhyme scheme. First stanza is written in iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of ABAABCCDEDE, whereas second stanza follows the rhyming pattern, which is expanded ABAABCCDDFFGGHIIHJJ. The third stanza has shorter rhyme scheme of ABABCC. The fourth stanza continues the tetrameter of the third stanza and rhymes ABCCBDEDEFGFFFGHHG. This kind of rhyme scheme represents the flow of river ‘Alph’ which symbolises Colereidges imagination. The poem Kubla Khan starts with first five lines that sound like chant. The quote: caverns measureless to man suggest that the place is very supernatural and mysterious. In this line Coleridge tells us that imagination has no restrictions. Coleridge describes not only mental part of the creativity but also physical one: And there were gardens brights with sinious rills, /Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree . These two lines show us that senses such as smell are awakened by the imagination.  Coleridge also uses colours to give increased impact: Down the green hill athwart a cendarn cover!, these lines help us see very strikingly vivid image. However the peacefulness changes in the second stanza, which creates an atmosphere of good versus evil. In the first stanza Coleridge describes, pleasure dome in Xanadu, where we see more positive vocabulary gardens brightspots of greenery, whereas second stanza contain more dark vocabulary A savage placemoon was haunteddemon lover. Coleridge uses images of paradise in the second stanza, which is considered to be more evil. An example of this is the demon lover that has bewitched the woman. The second stanza tends to be more magical than the first one: use of words holy and enchanted associates with dome being haunted by mystical powers. When Coleridge describes the women wailing using onomatopoeia, it awakens the sense of hearing, making the process more physical. As the poem progresses so does the amount of intensity and activity. And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,/As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,/A mighty fountain momently was forced:. The level of excitement increases dramatically, by involving more and more emotions such as confusion and anger. Coleridge introduces personification when describing earth which tell us that not only the poet is affected by intensity but also elements around him. When poem reaches climax which in this poem appears to be fountain, Coleridge spills all of his feeling and thoughts to the surface. To make the image more clear the climax is prolonged: Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,/Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher s flail:And mid these dancing rocks at once and ever/ It flung up momently the sacred river. Coleridge explains how the imagination made rock, fragments and grain active. Huge boulders being moved by a river seems to be very light or even weightless . This makes us to be aware that the imagination of poet is uncontrollable. When the poem is saturated with climax, the excitement and enthusiasm decreases. Five miles meandering with a mazy motion/Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,/Then reached the caverns measureless to man,/And sank  in tumult to a lifeless ocean: The tempo decreases, and the mood changes as-well. Coleridge carefully chooses words: meandering, mazy and sank that makes the rhythm slower losing its life and recreation. This happens because before and during climax poet got very tired because his imagination was physically and mentally demanding. Therefore, the second part of the poem represents exhausted behavior of Coleridge. The clause: prophesying war shows the negative side of the poem, where pleasure dome may be affected by war. Coleridge again describes the pleasure dome but in negative way: A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice connoting that its magicality is tarnished and no-one can see and feel that place like him. The fourth stanza is dream like but very inspiring describing heavenly maid sitar – dulcimer playing damsel about Mount Abora, the mountain of Gods. The damsel acts like a muse for Coleridge: Could I revive with me/ Her symphony and song,/ To such delight t would win me. Poet cannot pass even the most inspiring image to us the way he could feel himself so he tries to explain how he felt about it saying: I would build that dome in air,/ That sunny dome! Those caves of ice!. Even the caves have been negative aspect of the poem, Coleridge still tries to make us undergo the same experience even if it is negative. The last part of the poem is very magnificent and awe inspiring. The poem end with poets predication of destiny: All shouldholy dread. Coleridge thinks that his powerful imagination may be not understood and fully appreciated. The last few lines are very pleasant and nice: For he on..paradise. Romantics in the past were viewed as very peculiar human being because they could get in touch with their emotions very closely. Kubla Khan describes process of creativity which Coleridge inspires though his imagination. The process is very powerful mentally and physically. Poet uses very clever techniques such onomatopoeia, metaphors, alliteration to emphasize the process of creativity. The first stanza is and introduction to whole vision of Coleridge and second one develops into mysterious atmosphere reaching climax. The third and fourth stanza slows down in tempo but has some very inspiring imagery, which Coleridge finds hard to pass to us. The  whole poem may be considered as a metaphor because poem contains many wild and supernatural dream like images that we may not be able to comprehend in real life. Biography http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/stc/Coleridge/poems/Kubla_Khan.html

Competitor Analysis of Dahlie Essay

Main Competitors Although Darlie has gained a large market share in the toothpaste market in Malaysia, it still faced the competition from other toothpaste companies in this industry. The two of the main competitors of Darlie in the market are Sensodyne and Colgate. As the world largest producer and manufacturer of toothpaste, Colgate becomes the greatest competitor of Darlie. Colgate has survived in this industry for such a long time and has established its influence among the customers. It has successfully making the customers to have brand loyalty toward Colgate. Besides that, Colgate has different types of toothpaste, which can satisfy different needs of the customers. This has fulfilled the needs and wants of the customers and directly competes with Darlie as the product range of Colgate and Darlie are quite similar. Nowadays, a lot of people are facing different types of teeth problems, such as sensitive teeth, gum disease and tooth decay. Therefore, they tend to buy the toothpaste which can he lp them to solve their teeth problems. Sensodyne is focusing on solving sensitive teeth problem and is recommended by dentist to be used. It has shaped the brand image of Sensodyne to become professional and high class toothpaste. Therefore, although Darlie also has their own sensitive teeth toothpaste, people still prefer Sensodyne as the look for the brand image. Therefore, Colgate and Sensodyne become two of the main competitors for Darlie in Malaysia toothpaste market. Comparison of Colgate and Its Competitors Darlie Colgate Sensodyne Market share in Malaysia In 2011, Darlie’s market share is 31%. In 2011, Colgate’s market share is 60%. In 2011, Sensodyne’s market share is 5%. Target customer Their target customers are those urban people who are above 18 years old, and pay attention to their oral health. The target customer is mothers with kids who make toothpaste buying decisions for the family and people who care for their oral health. The target customer is the adults from 20 to 60 years old who faced sensitive teeth problem. Promotion Using websites, advertisements and TV commercial to advertise. Having promotions in supermarket. Using website, advertisement, and TV commercial to advertise. Having some promotions by giving free gifts. Colgate School Program: give out free samples to kids and teach kids the way to brush teeth properly. Bright Smile, Bright Future program: promote the importance of oral health through education and prevention. Using websites, various advertisements and TV commercial to attract customers. Promotion through dentist and dental clinic. â€Å"Chill Test† in hypermarket. Price The price range of Colgate is between RM7.95 to RM10.60. The most expensive toothpaste is Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The cheapest toothpaste is the Colgate Regular tube. The price range of Sensodyne toothpaste is from RM9.90 to RM12.90. Product Having different range and types of toothpaste. For instance, fresh breath, whitening, sensitive teeth and enamel protection. Specializing in the preservation and treatment of oral hygiene. Create an array of 40 different patented toothpastes keeping Colgate competitive. Having 13 different classifications and varieties of Colgate toothpaste. Consists of different types of toothpaste, but mainly focuses on the sensitive teeth issue. Place Almost at all supermarket and mini market. Very convenience to buy it. Almost all super markets and pharmacies carry Colgate Toothpaste. Can sometimes be found in more prominent locations when on sale or launching new products into the market. Distributed indirectly. Available in all hypermarkets, supermarkets and pharmacies, Chinese medical halls and mini markets in Malaysia. Length of time in business Darlie started its business since 1933. It has taken 80 years in the toothpaste industry. Colgate-Palmolive started its business in 1806. It has taken 207 years in the toothpaste industry. GSK produced Sensodyne in 1961. It has taken 52 years in the toothpaste market. (Source from: Colgate, 2013 and Sensodyne, 2013)

Comarch Business Model

The customers in this group are: Heinlein, Scrabbles, Renault, Naive, Coca-cola, Red Bull and more. Government: This unit provides a wide variety of solutions to different kind of customers from the Public Sector. The list of customers includes: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, The National Bank of Poland, Albanian State Police and more. ERP: The unit is dedicated to developing and implementing intuitive software solutions to help Seems optimize their business processes.Companies that use Compare's ERP systems are: Coca-cola, Neonate, Yves Richer, T- Comanche AS develops and delivers products and services specifically targeted at their groups of customers. Telecommunications: The products developed for electrification aim at increase the revenue of the companies and build strong relations with customers' clients and business partners. This portfolio of products is vast and goes from Customer, Revenue and Product Management to Application Integration Infrastr ucture.The main products developed for this sector are: Comanche Corporate Self Care: provides online ordering, data management and reporting for corporate customers; Comanche Central Product Management: simplifies IT architecture and speeds up new product launches by providing a single place for managing the product catalogue and product lifestyle. Comanche Service Quality Management: it gathers network, application and service statistics, aggregates it and presents it against service models.Finance: The products in the finance sector are evolving every year in order to accommodate the needs of the customers. Some of the products created are: Comanche credit process management: it is a system that supports transaction processing as well as the application approval, security valuation, customer risk assessment and credit approval. Comanche mobile insurance advisor: it covers the whole sales process – from identification of the customer and needs analysis through emulations an d quotations, investment advisory, to generation and signing of the proposal.Services: This specific set of products provides advanced IT solutions in order to boost a company's performance. The list of products comprises the following software and solutions: Comanche Enterprise Marketing Management: it provides customer-oriented companies with the ability to plan, execute and track cross- channel campaigns and to build attractive loyalty programs to engage customers by delivering highly relevant offers that encourage them to buy more and more.Comanche SEA: it offers IT solutions for the management of sales support and the work f sales representatives, integration solutions and services to communicate with business partners, as well as on-line Web applications for managing sales and trade marketing and business communication with contractors. Government: in this area Comanche specializes in the design, implementation and integration of advanced IT solutions for state administration offices, local government and the utilities supply market.Some of the software developed are: Comanche Gerri: this is a modern Polish ERP system for organization management which is adapted to the needs and requirements of public administration. It offers budgetary reporting facilities including budgetary accounting forms in printable or electronic versions. Public Electronic Service Platform: it is a portal solution aimed at public administration, local government, and fully and partly nationalized companies.The solution aims to ease procedures for clients of government agencies by making a wide range of Internet solutions available to them so that they can conduct their affairs without having to go in person to the offices concerned. ERP: this area of development of products is the flagship of Comanche. The software ND scalable to the unique needs of each company and industry. The signature software is called Comanche ALEUT. Comanche ALEUT: is a state-of-the-art management softwar e system which represents the end result of seventeen years of experience developing some of the most innovative IT solutions available worldwide.The software is designed to save the time of customers, reduce their costs, enable a streamline communication between departments, and to arm them with easy- to-use- reports for successful decision-making. The value proposition of the company and the features that make Comanche AS be unique in the market are various. They focus on the customer satisfaction and excellence in the products and services delivered. Comanche,in order to satisfy the requests of their clients, implements projects within the defined budget and schedule.The Polish company, with almost 20 years of industry experience, is able to understand the business and technological needs of their customers developing the best solutions for them. One of the key features of the products is the faster implementation and easier integration, reducing the risk level of each project. T he solutions developed are easily configurable and will develop along with the client's business. The adaptation of the products to the customers' needs makes Comanche be a reliable long-term partner.

Midtermquestion obesity

Generally, much of the blame for obesity’s widespread existence in Western society is placed upon poor lifestyle. In the case of the former, the increasing pervasiveness of a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by long periods of inactivity (such as sitting in an office) with little to no exercise, in addition to a decreasing amount of leisure time being spent on physical activity, as opposed to video games and television viewing. (Bleich, et. al., 2007) In the case of the latter, over-eating remains a problem, despite advances in nutritional awareness. Additionally, the increasing reliance on fast-food meals, with their energy dense composition, have quadrupled the calorie intake of the average American over the period between 1977 and 1995.   (Lin, et. al., 1999) Genetics also play a part in the development of obesity. Excess calorie intake and how it translates into body mass is affected by various factors such as the genes which regulate metabolism, appetite and adipokine. Additionally, there are various genetic conditions that have been identified as symptomatized by obesity (e.g. Bardet-Biedl syndrome, leptin receptor mutations and MOMO syndrome). Farooqi & O’Rahilly (2006) have also noted that obesity has a hereditary component. Chakravarthy & Booth (2004) have also theorized that certain ethnicities may be more prone to obesity, as an evolutionary means of taking advantage of abundance in between long periods of food scarcity. As such, the genetic disposition towards obesity is an advantage in surviving famine, but a maladaptive trait in a society with food stability. Obesity may also be affected by medical illnesses such as Cushing’s syndrome, growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism. The treatment of some illnesses may also lead to fluctuations in weight, as a side effect of medication taken (e.g. antipsychotics, fertility meds). Quitting smoking has also been recognized as a cause of moderate weight gain, due to the resulting loss of appetite suppression. Also, some psychological disorders such as bulimia or binge disorders contribute direct risks of obesity. The mechanisms of neurobiology also contribute to the development of obesity. In addition to leptin (which regulates the intake and expenditure of energy) substances such as ghrelin (which regulates short-term appetite) are linked with the maintenance of obesity. (Flier, 2004). Other such substances include adiponectin which regulates glucose, cholecystokinin which stimulates the digestion of fat and protein, and PYY 3-36 which responds to food intake by reducing appetite. Finally, social determinants contribute to obesity by significantly affecting the habits formed that contribute to obesity. In a 2004 study, it was noted that there was an inverse correlation between wealth and obesity, suggesting that lower income individuals rely on cheaper fast food for nourishment. (Zagorsky, 2004). Also, a 2007 study followed more than 32,500 individuals over a span of 32 years and found that changes in body mass of friends, and siblings were reliable predictors of changes in subjects, regardless of geographical distance, suggesting that the acceptance of one’s body mass has an influence on changes in body size. (Christakis & Fowler, 2007) REFERENCES Bleich, S., Cutler, D., Murray, C. & Adams, A. (2007) Why Is The Developed World Obese?. Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 29. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12954.pdf Lin, B.H., Guthrie, J. & Frazao E. (1999) â€Å"Nutrient contribution of food away from home†. In: Frazao, E. (Ed). America's Eating Habits: Changes and Consequences. Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 750, US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, pp. 213–239. Farooqi, S., O’Rahilly, S. (2006) Genetics of obesity in humans. Endocrine Review, Volume 27. Chakravarthy, M.V., Booth, F.W. (2004). Eating, exercise, and â€Å"thrifty† genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases. Journal of Applied Physiology, Volume 96. Flier, J.S. (2004). Obesity wars: molecular progress confronts an expanding epidemic. Cell, Volume 116, Issue 2, pp. 337-350. Zagorsky, J.L. (2004) Is Obesity as Dangerous to Your Wealth as to Your Health? Res Aging Volume 26, pp. 130-152. Christakis, N.A., Fowler, J.H. (2007) The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years.†      

Career management in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career management in business - Essay Example These are the active and passive forms. The active strategies are implemented for the purpose of career management and they involve training of employees and organization of career workshops. The passive strategies, on the other hand, involve organizational practices such as performance indicators and reviews (Arnold, 1997) Although many organizations put a lot of effort in the facilitation of career management through passive activities, a few of them have incorporated both active and passive strategies into their business operations. Career management, therefore, provides an opportunity for an organization to achieve its aspirations and interest through a convergence of individuals who possess these with the business needs. The organizational leadership can provide development and direction to the individuals who seek career progression. The ever-changing global market place is always a challenge for organizations to recognize and improve. With the current trend of market dynamics, there is increasing demand for creative and effective recruitment and retention of workforce. Supportive career management practices where employee career development and satisfaction in the workplace are emphasized (Arthur, Inkson and Pringle, 1999). Organizations should seek to implement management practices in order to facilitate and encourage employees to find value in the organizations (THORNTON, 2007). A supportive career management practice ensures that the expectations of the employee are clearly set. This enables the employee identify what is expected of them in the organization throughout their career. This is also beneficial in self-evaluation where the employee can determine if they are making any impact in the organization. When an organization does not place clear expectations for employees, it makes them uncertain about the development of their careers in the organization. This in turn affects the employee output and contribution in the organization as well as the ge neral output and performance of the organization (BILIMORIA & PIDERIT, 2006). Employees are also given clear succession plans in the organization. This ensures that they do not stay in uncertainty about the future of their career in the organization. This clear communication of such plans between the organization and employees helps in the development of confidence in the organization. When employees have confidence in their employers, the quality of their input into organization improves. The employees are also sure about their career development in the organization and, therefore, may choose to stay with the organization for the rest of their careers. This is not the case with organizations, which do not plan for the career growth and development of their employees. These types of organizations have a high rate of employee turnover since the employee are uncertain of their future and career developments in the organization (GREENHAUS, CALLANAN & GODSHALK, 2010). Through the differ ent strategies for supportive career management practices, employees have the resources and time to consider both their long- and short-term goals. This self-evaluation and assessment helps the employees make reasonable career plans according to their abilities and commitment to the organization (HUNTER, 2006). With the time and resources to make these considerations, the employees are able to make accurate and honest assessments of themselves. The set long- and short-t

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS - Essay Example d higher level of unemployment created as a result of the financial crisis also led to the worsening of relations between employees and the employers. The relations between the trade unions and the employers became relatively more difficult in the wake of the new challenges faced by the firms due to financial crisis. Strikes by the staff of British Airways, rail strike and the possible strike by the fire fighters indicates that the things may not be going very well and there is a greater need for managing the employee relations in more effective manner. This also depends upon what approaches managers take while managing the industrial relations within their organizations. Unitary and pluralistic approaches therefore both define and parameterize the way managers and other stakeholders actually manage the relationships between the different groups of stakeholders including the employees. It has been argued that the frame of references adapted by the managers actually condition the response of the managers towards different situations faced. Frame of reference therefore becomes critical because it is based on this that individuals make decisions which are than subsequently applied under organizational environment. Unitary frame of reference indicates that there is one goal in organizations towards which every person in the organization works. This approach also advocates that there is only sense of authority and conflict is not viewed favorably. Mostly the managers consider themselves and other fellow managers to follow this perspective and expect that their subordinates also follow and internalize this philosophy.( Leat, 2007). Pluralistic frame of reference however, sees the organization as a collection of different groups with either the same or even conflicting interests with each other. It is because of this reason that it is expected that the different stakeholders under this frame of reference often formulate the strategic alliances and these strategic

Course Project Proposal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course Project Proposal - Term Paper Example We deal in a wide range of products such as household needs, family apparel, electronics, assistance in health & beauty, fabrics, jewelry, garden & lawn, shoes, toys and crafts among others. We even provide facilities in pharmacy, photo centers, portrait studios, banks as well as Tire & Lube Express. At the time of the establishment of the company, the founder had set three objectives or rather missions which would characterize his business and they were customer service, respect towards individuals and determination for brilliance (Hayden & Et. Al., 2002). Our company is known for following its mission objectives except for one and that is respect for individuals. The customers are treated with a lot of respect by the company but when it comes down to the employees then a big difference is being observed. The company does not treat its employees with the respect that they deserve and in a way it reflects the fact that the company does not value its employees which has resulted in a high turnover among the employees. My company addresses the employees of our stores as ‘associates’. The company provides liberal financial incentives as rewards for their employees by way of distributing the profit of the company with the employees through the option of buying stocks. However, here I should mention that these facilities and benefits are offered only to the full-time employees. Majority of the employees working in the stores are part-time workers and they are not paid generously by my company. Majority of the workers are just paid the bare minimum local wage. Needless to add that they are not provided any benefits as it takes a time period of five years to become qualified for these benefits. As I have mentioned earlier that a high rate of turnover prevails amongst these employees and so, there are bleak chances that they would reach that required level. I am a manager in one of the stores of the company. I joined the

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES - Term Paper Example The landlords often have to deal with the tenants who default on the lease or sub lease agreements. It is important that Mr. Ash takes early actions to collect the rent it always follows a very predictable pattern that starts with a series of late payments, that proceeds to paying only part of the rent and finally leading to complete default of the payment of the rent. When the tenants delay in making rent payment just like in the case of XYZ Ltd, Miss Beech and Mr. Cherry, the first option is the person that guaranteed Mr. Cherry payment to be approached Law of (Property Act 1925). This is the best strategy to be used if Mr. Ash needs to preserve the lease and the tenant has sufficient goods in premises that can cover the cost of the rent arrears. The right to rent distress is only available to the owner of the immediate reversion of the lease agreement that will end immediately he or she assign sells or transfer the reversionary interest to another party. The rest distraint involves the landlord seizing the goods that was pledge against the unpaid rent. This is basically a self help remedy that enables the landlord to take the goods of the tenants that are found on the leased premises as some form of security so that the rent arrears can be paid in full. Distress is a right of the landlord that was created under the common law defining the relationship of the tenant and the landlord (commercial credit Corp Ltd v. Harry D. Shields Ltd. (1980), 122 D.L.R. (3rd). It is important to note that the right to distress is the only right under which a landlord is allow ed to hold the goods of his tenants and can be applied upon nonpayment of any amount. The landlord has a right to use the rent distress instruments in case of nonpayment of any amount. According to Wallace v. Fraser (1878), 2 S.C.R. 522, the right of distress can be taken way or limited by the courts in lease if the landlord has forfeited the lease. This is because

The Great Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Great Depression - Essay Example The great depression was an economic disaster that affected Europe, North America and other industrialized nations for a period of one decade; from 1929-1939. The depression was the worst depression the Western industrialized world has ever experienced in the modern times (McElvaine 46). America started feeling the depression earlier than other countries due to the collapse of the prices of stock market of the New York Stock Exchange in the year 1929. Within the next few years, the stock price continued falling; they lost their value with a decrease of 20%. This decrease in assets’ value ruined countless numbers of investors, and the performance of banks started declining. Many financial institutions could not withstand the strain from the ensuing depression. People lost trust in the economy and minimized their levels of demand and spending (Burgan 117). Consequently, production declined with a big margin; the overall consequences of these situations escalated the advancement of the great depression. Sudden fall in output led to a deadly situation of unemployment in America because more than fifteen million Americans lost their jobs. Although the utter depression began in the US, it swiftly became an international economic crisis because of the close relationships, which developed between the European economies and US after the First World War (Burgan 117). The US was the chief creditors of Europe during and after the war since the European economies were destabilized by the war debts and the war itself. Other nations like Germany had suffered heavy economic strains due to defeat in the battle because they were required to reimburse war damages. This c onnection was extremely tight and close. When the American economy crushed down, the Europeans countries were also affected since the flow of traders and investors to Europe ceased. Unemployment in Germany skyrocketed within a short period claiming the jobs of more than six million people (McElvaine 46). The great depression was a bit soft on Britain because the unemployment levels were not as high as in America and Germany. However, Britain’s export and industrial sectors were depressed for a longer period that other countries, and they only recovered in the mid 1940s. All countries came up with strategies that would guard the domestic industries and boost their production. Nations imposed tariffs and increased the existing tariffs to discourage international trade (Downing 94). Imports were crowded with quotas; this resulted to a decline in international trade with more than half. When the world trade collapsed, the international economy was disintegrated into trading blocs , which were influenced by currency of trade and political allegiance. This trade between blocs was open to many countries. Political implications of the great depression The political implications of the great depression were profound. Countries such as Japan and Germany reacted to the depression by forming militarist governments who came up with regressive foreign policies, which resulted to the Second World War. In Britain and the US, the government intervened in the issues that affected people by forming welfare system for the citizens (McElvaine 47). The government managed all the economies with little intervention from individuals. President Roosevelt came up with employment schemes, which aimed at reducing unemployment. People were given street cleaning jobs and painting the public buildings. Further, Roosevelt came up with policies that supported the industrial and agricultural sectors. Although these measures did not yield to rapid economic recovery, they enhanced the overa ll

Narration & Description, and the Writing Process Essay

Narration & Description, and the Writing Process - Essay Example Historically, Seattle had been inhabited by Native Americans more than 4000 years before the arrival of the first batch of white settlers. In fact, the city gets its name from the Native Duwamish and Suquamish tribes, which named their area settlement after their chief named Seattle (Sanders, 2010). When the first European named George Vancouver settled around Seattle in May 1792 and during his 1791–95 expeditions that charted the Pacific Northwest, the local tribes of Duwamish and Suquamish inhabited at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay. This paper describes Seattle and its unique and memorable people and features, which make it such a special place including its nice and friendly people and the nice weather and climate. Why Seattle is Unique and Memorable The city’s geographical features are some of its attractions, mostly its hilly topography, which includes the West Seattle, Beacon Hill, First Hill, Queen Anne, Capitol Hill, Magnolia, and Denn y Hill. In addition to these hills, the other geographic features that adorn the landscape of Seattle are the Olympic and the Kitsap peninsulas, the Olympic Mountains, the Cascade Range, and lake Sammamish, which lies to the eastern parts o flake lake Washington. Others of these geographical features are the luxuriant green forests and the abundant water bodies, which are sources of livelihood and recreation for local and visiting communities (Sanders, 2010). The city’s topography also makes it such as beautiful place to live and visit. With the Elliot Bay bounding it to the lower left, the East Broadway Avenue running from upper left to lower right, and South Dearborn Street bordering the lower right, the city’s topography is a sight to be hold. Its sea line, rivers, forests, lakes, and the surrounding fields also make the city a sight to behold. The topography of the city is also quite ideal for activities such as bicycling, camping, sailing, skiing, and hiking throu ghout the year (Pierce, 2003). Tourism is the other attractive aspect of Seattle, which has quite a number of museums and galleries, annual fairs, and festivals, the most prominent of which are sea-fair events in July and August, memorial day weekend, the Seattle hempfest, independence day celebrations, the 24-day Seattle international film festival, the art and music festival bumbershoot, art and entertainment over the labor day weekend. The economic prowess and stability of the city is also one of its attractions since it is a mixture of old and new economies. Examples of the old economies of the city are its industrial companies while the new economy refers to internet and other technology services and goods companies (Pierce, 2003). Central to the city’s economic stability are its port, the Tacoma International Airport, trade with Asia, start-up and established businesses, green building and clean technologies The climate of the city also endears it to it inhabitants and tourists. The aspects of the city’s climate worth mentioning are its mild wet winters, warm dry summers, and oceanic or temperate marine. The city thus falls within the cool/mild wet winter, and dry-summer subtropical zone, characteristic of Mediterranean climate. In addition to the above geographical and climate features, the city’s neighborhoods and communities also make it such a special and memorable place for its inhabitants and visitors (Sanders, 2010). These neighborhoods and towns have numerous venues such

Reading a Health Record Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading a Health Record - Coursework Example Abdomen: Benign, Genitalia: normal with red sacral area. Extremities 3+ pitting edema to the knees. Neurological: good and on track. The patient doesn’t sleep well, has increased pedal edema and no symptoms of coughing or fever. X-ray displays Left pleural effusion, congestive heart failure and pneumonia. In the case of patient assessment with cognitive heart failure, left pleural effusion and pneumonia a dosage of Diurese was administered, four antibiotics, blood cultures and sputum test. The patient is admitted and put on bed rest with oxygen mask. Behavioral problem – patient constantly complaining of poor living conditions of the facility, staff and food. She doesn’t want to sleep in her room. Causal factor appears to having trouble with anger or adjustment problem and severe end-stage cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is caused by hardening of the arteries responsible for bringing blood into the heart. As the arteries narrow the heart lacks oxygen and gradually it becomes difficult for the heart to pump blood. This condition is diagnosed when heart has irregular heartbeat and fractional ejection is lower. Fractional ejection can be tested through MRI of heart, echocardiogram, cardiac blood pooling image and gated SPECT. Change of certain lifestyle habits that lead to heart failure. Introduction of a Pacemaker to help the heart beat slow down or beat normally. There are surgery procedures like angioplasty and cardiac catheterization that helps good flow of blood in the veins. If a patient fails all treatment then heart transplant would be the only alternative left. (Libby & Braunwald, 2008) The patient was put under the right diagnosis given her symptoms and the treatment of the disease. The patient tested positive for Ischemic cardiomyopathy. The patient displayed all symptoms as projected in the hospital records that matched the

Economics and Contemporary Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economics and Contemporary Issues - Essay Example Behind this struggle, health care costs are skyrocketing, and two primary reasons for the increase find their roots in these same two groups. Life expectancies in the country are getting longer, and the aging boomers will require more health care for longer periods f time. Funding for the existing government health care systems is declining due to the same reasons that Social Security is facing implosion. More citizens receiving benefits are fewer citizens are paying into the system. The simple equation f higher demand -plus- lower funding -plus- longer lives -equals- higher costs. Secondly, the poor, uninsured and illegal immigrants who can receive health care at any hospital are creating increased drag on a system that is already suffering. Every hospital in the country will treat any person entering its emergency wards. If the services are not paid for, the loss is applies to the bottom line, and costs increase throughout the system. A third reason for the push for Universal healthcare is the pragmatic belief that in the long run it will reduce healthcare costs in general. If preventative care is available to everyone from birth, the result will be less-costly healthcare needs in people's later years. Early preventative measures also lessen the magnitude f epidemics; when more people are immunized and have access to treatment, disease cannot spread so easily. (University Wire, 2001) Former US Surgeon General C. Everett Koop recently stated: "I think I am right when I write that all Americans have the right to healthcare," Koop said. "If we agree that there is a right to healthcare, then we are also agreeing that someone must provide these rights," he said, noting that the right to healthcare is different than some other constitutional rights because it incurs a monetary cost on society. (Anand, 2000) Two year ago, in a survey f medical- school faculty and administrators published in the New England Journal f Medicine, 57 per cent said they like a single-payer universal healthcare system over either fee-for-service or managed care. Indeed, more and more doctors are now keen to work in coalitions where they learn from and fight for the needs f those whom they have traditionally considered inferiors or adversaries. (Gordon, 2000) As a result, when President Clinton ascended the podium, and declared that universal healthcare is a right which Americans shared, no one questioned where the money would come from to fund such a huge expansion f the federal bureaucracy. This has become the clearest argument for universal healthcare, the right f all people to receive healthcare, in the form f physician visits and pharmaceuticals, regardless f their socioeconomic status. (University Wire, 2001) A person who is poor should not be precluded from the benefit f healthcare simply because he or she cannot afford it. Boomers perceive universal health care as another program to benefit them, and the poor / uninsured thought they were looking at a savior. The core question to answer, however, is not whether healthcare coverage is a right or not. The costs f health care are skyrocketing, and the needs f the population are increasing. The question is: What is the most effective means f bringing down